Sign in Subscribe

Fitting tools - File

Last updated on 

Files are hand tools used to remove small amounts of material from a workpiece by abrasion. In a fitting shop, they are essential for finishing, shaping, and adjusting parts for proper assembly. Here's a categorized list of the main types of files used in a fitting shop:

Based on Shape

  1. Flat File
    • Rectangular cross-section
    • Used for general purpose filing of flat surfaces
  2. Square File
    • Square cross-section
    • Used to file square holes and internal corners
  3. Round File (Rat-tail File)
    • Circular cross-section
    • Used for enlarging round holes or curved surfaces
  4. Half-round File
    • One flat and one rounded surface
    • Ideal for both flat and curved surface work
  5. Triangular File (Three-square File)
    • Triangular cross-section
    • Used for filing angles less than 90°, internal corners, or saw teeth

Based on Cut Type

  1. Single Cut File
    • Single row of teeth
    • Used for smooth finishing and sharpening tools
  2. Double Cut File
    • Two sets of teeth crossing each other
    • Removes material quickly; used for rough filing
  3. Curved Cut File
    • Teeth curved across the face
    • Commonly used in automotive bodywork
  4. Rasp Cut File
    • Individual, widely spaced teeth
    • Used for soft materials like wood, leather, or soft metals

Based on Length and Coarseness

  • Length: Typically 4", 6", 8", 10", or 12"
  • Coarseness Grades:
    • Rough: Coarse teeth for heavy removal
    • Bastard: Intermediate coarseness
    • Second cut: Finer than bastard
    • Smooth: For fine finishing
    • Dead smooth: Very fine, for precision work

Steps for Using a File in a Fitting Shop:

Step 1 : Select the Appropriate File: Choose based on shape, size, and cut grade suited to the task.

Step 2 : Secure the Workpiece: Fix the workpiece in a bench vice to prevent movement during filing.

Step 3 : Grip the File Properly: Hold the handle with your dominant hand and support the tip with your other hand.

Step 4 : Apply Forward Stroke: Push the file away from you with steady pressure. Filing is only effective on the forward stroke.

Step 5 : Lift on Return Stroke: Avoid dragging the file backwards on the return stroke to prevent dulling.

Step 6 : Use Even Pressure: Maintain uniform pressure and angle for a smooth, even surface.

Step 7 : Clean the File Regularly: Use a file card to clean debris from the file teeth.

Step 8 : Inspect the Workpiece: Periodically check for flatness, fit, or surface finish.

Step 9 : Store the File Safely: Keep in a dry, clean place; avoid dropping or stacking files.

Useful Resources